During writing this work, you must use various facts from other sources. According to the main requirements, you have to use in-text citations. In fact, referencing is an important part of writing any kind of work, and you have to remember when to use in text citations to create a proper document.
Making a research paper is not simple for many students. But it is still possible to make a successful document if you know the main rules. In our detailed guide, we will give you many effective and useful hints on how to cite in a research paper to impress your readers and get a high grade.
A novel “To kill a Mockingbird” is a bestseller written by Harper Lee.
If the writer has created multiple books in the same year, we suggest including an alphabetical appendix:
Referencing and Citing a Research Paper: General Rules
When you need to mention a title of a book or a dissertation thesis in your document, in accordance with the MLA format requirements, you need to capitalize only the first and last words. This format doesn’t require using all capital letters:
From the last example, readers can easily understand that you didn’t find the original source, and attributed the findings to the writer who accomplished the primary research.
When you are creating a social or a psychological work, you must use the APA (American Psychological Association) style to make references for research papers. In accordance with this format, after every paraphrase, you need to mention the name of the author and year of writing. Here are two examples for you:
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- How to Write APA Style Research Papers (a comprehensive guide) [PDF]
- Tips for Writing APA Style Research Papers (a brief summary) [PDF]
- For in-person discussion of the process of writing research papers, please consider attending this department’s “Writing Research Papers” workshop (for dates and times, please check the undergraduate workshops calendar).
Research in the fields of psychology and neuroscience provides support for the theory that forgetting often stems from retroactive interference (Wixted, 2004).
These examples represent among the most common cases of in-text citations
Further Resources
Databases and Search Engines (some may require connection to UCSD network)
Wixted, J. T. (2004). The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 235-269.
Wixted (2004) reviewed psychology and neuroscience research that provides support for the theory that forgetting often stems from retroactive interference.
In APA style, each peer-reviewed article is listed in a References section towards the end of the research paper. Each reference of a journal article names the author(s), publication date, article title, name of journal, volume, and page number. For example ( note that hanging indents are not shown ):
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If the article includes 20 or fewer authors, list each author separately. If there are more than 20, include the first 19 and then include an ellipses (. . . ) in place of the author names before listing the final author.
The rules for referencing both single and multiple authors apply to all sources, whether the material came from books, magazine articles, newspaper articles, journal articles, or online sources. Include the last name and first initials of each author, with each individual separated by a comma. The last author should be preceded with an ampersand.
Author, I. N. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal or Periodical, volume number(issue number), page numbers.
If an article has two authors, follow the basic format for a journal reference. Place a comma after the first initial of the first author followed by an ampersand (&). Then include the last name and first initial of the second author.
Articles With More Than Twenty Authors
Arlo, A., Black, B., Clark, C., Davidson, D., Emerson, E., Fischer, F., Grahmann, G., Habib, H., Ianelli, I., Juarez, J., Kobayashi, K., Lee, L., Martin, M., Naim, N., Odelsson, O., Pierce, P., Qiang, Q., Reed, R., Scofield, S., . . . Thatcher, T. (2011). Even more references. APA Format Today, 11(4), 30-38.
For journal articles with three to 20 authors, follow a similar format as you would with two authors, but separate each author and initials with a comma. The final author should be preceded by an ampersand. Follow this same format for each additional author up to 20 authors.
If possible, include the DOI (digital object identifier) number at the end of your reference. If a DOI number is not available and you accessed the article online, give the URL of the journal's home page.
Mischel, W., & Baker, N. (1975). Cognitive transformations of reward objects through instructions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 254-261.
Revisit the references section you began to compile in Note 13.73 “Exercise 1”. Use the guidelines provided to format any entries for book-length print sources that you were unable to finish earlier.
- If there are any simple entries that you can format completely using the general guidelines, do so at this time.
- For entries you are unsure of how to format, type in as much information as you can, and highlight the entries so you can return to them later.
Barker, E. T., & Bornstein, M. H. (2010). Global self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and self-reported dieting in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(2), 205–224.
- Name of the author(s), whether an individual or organization
- Date of publication (Use n.d. if no date is available.)
- Title of the document
- Address where you retrieved the document
A Book Authored by a Government Agency
US Food and Drug Administration. (2009). Nationwide evaluation of X-ray trends: NEXT surveys performed [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationSafety/NationwideEvaluationofX- RayTrendsNEXT/ucm116508.htm
Chisholm, L. (n.d.). Celtic tales. Retrieved from http://www.childrenslibrary.org/icdl/BookReader?bookid= chicelt_00150014&twoPage=false&route=text&size=0&fullscreen=false&pnum1=1&lang= English&ilang=English
Format technical and research reports as you would format other book-length sources. If the organization that issued the report assigned it a number, include the number in parentheses after the title. (See also the guidelines provided for citing works produced by government agencies.)